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Euphrasia | |
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Euphrasia rostkoviana | |
Scientific classification | |
Kingdom: | Plantae |
Clade: | Tracheophytes |
Clade: | Angiosperms |
Clade: | Eudicots |
Clade: | Asterids |
Order: | Lamiales |
Family: | Orobanchaceae |
Tribe: | Rhinantheae |
Genus: | Euphrasia L. |
Species | |
About 450, see text |
Euphrasia, or eyebright, is a genus of about 450 species of herbaceousflowering plants in the familyOrobanchaceae (formerly included in the Scrophulariaceae), with a cosmopolitan distribution. They are semi-parasitic on grasses and other plants. The common name refers to the plant's use in treating eye infections.
Many species are found in alpine or sub-alpine meadows where snow is common. Flowers usually are borne terminally, are zygomorphic, and have a lower petal shaped like a lip. The most common flower colours are purple, blue-white, and violet. Some species have yellow markings on the lower petal to act as a guide to pollinating insects.
Alternative names, mainly in herbalism, are Augentrostkraut, Euphrasiae herba, Herba Euphrasiae and Herbe d'Euphraise.
The plant was known to classical herbalists, but then was not referred to until mentioned again in 1305. Nicholas Culpeper assigned it to the Zodiac sign Leo, claiming that it strengthened the brain. It was also used to treat bad memory and vertigo.[1]
In the Elizabethan era, the plant was used in ales, and Gervase Markham's Countrie Farm (1616) said that one should 'Drinke everie morning a small draught of Eyebright wine.'[2]
Herbalists use eyebright as a poultice with or without concurrent administration of a tea for the redness, swelling, and visual disturbances caused by blepharitis, and conjunctivitis. The herb is also used for eyestrain and to relieve inflammation caused by colds, coughs, sinus infections, sore throats, and hay fever.
Parts used include the leaf, the stem, and small pieces of the flowers. Typical preparations include a warm compress, or tea. Eyebright preparations are also available as an extract or capsule.
A report from the European Medicines Agency on the efficacy of Euphrasia remedies states:
From the presence of secondary metabolites, an astringent and anti-inflammatory activity can be hypothesized for Euphrasia preparations. The ocular use of Euphrasia is based upon tradition. However, since the efficacy of the claimed ocular uses is undocumented and external eye application is not hygienic, therapeutic use cannot be recommended.[3]
The phylogeny of the genera of Rhinantheae has been explored using molecular characters.[4][5]Euphrasia belongs to the core Rhinantheae. Euphrasia is the sister genus to Odontites, Bellardia, Tozzia, and Hedbergia. In turn, these five genera share phylogenetic affinities with Bartsia.
Genus-level cladogram of tribe Rhinantheae. | |||||||||||||||||||||||
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The cladogram has been reconstructed from nuclear and plastid DNA molecular characters (ITS, rps16 intron and trnK region).[4][5] |
The genus Euphrasia is taxonomically complicated due to many species being interfertile and prone to hybridisation. Despite there having been a number of taxonomic revisions[6][7][8] the appropriate rank of many taxa, as well as the relationships between them, remains unclear.
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Wikimedia Commons has media related to Euphrasia. |
When you experience symptoms of dry eye, or after eye surgery or an eye injury your doctor may recommend using eye drops (artificial tears).
HYLO®:
HYLO® eye drops contain the sodium salt of hyaluronic acid, a substance found naturally in the eye and other parts of the body. Due to its special physical property, HYLO® forms a regular, stable, long lasting lubricating film on the eye surface. This film is not easily rinsed off and does not cause blurred vision. HYLO® provides long-lasting moisture to the surface of the eye to efficaciously support the natural process of healing.
HYLO® is suitable for all ages, for pregnant women and during lactation.
HYLO® should not be used if you are sensitive to any of the ingredients. As HYLO® is preservative free it is well tolerated even when used over extended periods of time. In very rare cases hypersensitive reactions like burning or excessive tearing have been reported which stopped immediately when the use of HYLO® was discontinued.
HYLO® is recommended for rewetting contact lenses to minimize dryness. HYLO® is compatible with hard and soft contact lenses and can be used while wearing contact lenses.
For more information please read the package insert! As with all health concerns you should consult your doctor when your symptoms persist.